As far as I am concerned, the biggest challenge for a VMware administrator is storage related issues and its troubleshooting. As title said, it is not a trouble shooting steps. There were numerous storage issues and troubleshooting steps varies case by case. It will be tough to go through all of those.

Below article just giving you few commands, you can run on SSH or ESX shell

— To rescan all HBAs

esxcli storage core adapter rescan –all

— To rescan a specific HBA

esxcli storage core adapter rescan –adapter <vmkernel SCSI adapter name>

— Get all adaptor List

esxcli storage core adapter list

— List all path on a host

                esxcli storage core path list

— To get detailed information regarding the paths

esxcli storage core path list

— To list the detailed information of the corresponding paths for a specific device

esxcli storage core path list -d naaID (naaID we will get from path list)

— To get the LUN multipathing information

                esxcli storage nmp device list

You may also use  ESXTOP for monitoring storage performance.

 To monitor storage performance per HBA:

Start esxtop by typing esxtop at the command line.

Press d to switch to disk view (HBA mode).

To view the entire Device name, press SHIFT + L and enter 36 in Change the name field size.

Press f to modify the fields that are displayed.

Press b, c, d, e, h, and j to toggle the fields and press Enter.

Press s and then 2 to alter the update time to every 2 seconds and press Enter.

To monitor storage performance on a per-LUN basis:

Start esxtop by typing esxtop from the command line.

Press u to switch to disk view (LUN mode).

Press f to modify the fields that are displayed.

Press b, c, f, and h to toggle the fields and press Enter.

Press s and then 2 to alter the update time to every 2 seconds and press Enter

— Generate the report of all VMFS datasores by using vmkfstools -V